R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

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R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

作者:严涛

简介

集合可视化我们用得最多的是韦恩图,韦恩图在集合数少的时候是很好用的,但是当集合数多比如五个以上的时候那就会看花眼了,比如下面这副含有6个集合韦恩图,是发表在Nature上的文章里的,漂亮是漂亮,但是眼都快看花了。

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

今天介绍一个R包UpSetR,专门用来集合可视化,来源于UpSet,Python里面也有一个相似的包py-upset。此外还有个UpSetR shiny app以及源代码.

安装

两种方式安装:

				#从CRAN安装
				install.packages("UpSetR")
				#从Github上安装
				devtools::install_github("hms-dbmi/UpSetR")
			

数据导入

UpSetR提供了两个函数fromList以及fromExpression将数据转换为UpsetR适用的数据格式。

				#fromList
				listinput <- list(one = c(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13), two = c(1, 2, 4, 5,
				10), three = c(1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13))
				#fromExpression
				expressionInput <- c(one = 2, two = 1, three = 2, `one&two` = 1, `one&three` = 4,
				`two&three` = 1, `one&two&three` = 2)
			

接下来就可以绘制绘制图形了

				library(UpSetR)
				upset(fromList(listinput), order.by = "freq")
				#下面绘制的图形等同于上图
				upset(fromExpression(expressionInput), order.by = "freq")
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

参数详解

下面所有的例子都将使用UpSetR内置的数据集movies来绘制。

				#导入数据
				movies <- read.csv(system.file("extdata", "movies.csv", package = "UpSetR"), header = TRUE, sep = ";")
				#先大致浏览一下该数据集,数据集太长,就只看前几列
				knitr::kable(head(movies[,1:10]))
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

该数据集展示的是电影名(name)、发行时间(ReleaseDate)以及电影类型,多了去了就不详讲了,自个可以看去。
UpsetR绘制集合可视化图形使用函数upset()。

upset(movies, nsets = 6, number.angles = 30, point.size = 2, line.size = 1, mainbar.y.label = "Genre Intersections", sets.x.label = "Movies Per Genre", text.scale = c(1.3, 1.3, 1, 1, 1.5, 1))

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

解释一下上面部分参数:

  • nsets: 顾名思义,就是展示几个集合,movies数据集由20几个集合,不可能全部展示,另外从图中可以看出,这6个集合应该不是按顺序选择的。
  • numble.angle: 柱子上的数字看到了吧,这个参数就是调整数字角度的,可有可无的
  • mainbar.y.label/sets.x.label:坐标轴名称
  • text.scale(): 有六个数字,分别控制c(intersection size title, intersection size tick labels, set size title, set size tick labels, set names, numbers above bars)。

很多时候我们想要看特定的几个集合,UpSetR满足我们的需求。

				upset(movies, sets = c("Action", "Adventure", "Comedy", "Drama", "Mystery",
				"Thriller", "Romance", "War", "Western"), mb.ratio = c(0.55, 0.45), order.by = "freq")
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

文中的参数:

  • mb.ratio: 控制上方条形图以及下方点图的比例
  • order.by: 如何排序,这里freq表示从大到小排序展示,其他选项有degree以及先按freq再按degree排序。

各个变量也可以通过参数keep.order来排序

				upset(movies, sets = c("Action", "Adventure", "Comedy", "Drama", "Mystery",
				"Thriller", "Romance", "War", "Western"), mb.ratio = c(0.55, 0.45), order.by = "freq",
				keep.order = TRUE)
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

也可以按group进行展示,这图展示的就是按各个变量自身、两个交集、三个交集…依次展示。参数cutoff控制每个group显示几个交集。
参数intersects控制总共显示几个交集。

upset(movies, nintersects = 70, group.by = "sets", cutoff = 7)

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

还有很多参数比如控制颜色的参数,点、线大小等,具体可查看?upset

queries参数

queries参数分为四个部分:query, param, color, active.

  • query: 指定哪个query,UpSetR有内置的,也可以自定义,说到底就是一个查询函数
  • param: list, query作用于哪个交集
  • color:每个query都是一个list,里面可以设置颜色,没设置的话将调用包里默认的调色板
  • active:被指定的条形图是否需要颜色覆盖,TRUE的话显示颜色,FALSE的话则在条形图顶端显示三角形

内置的intersects query

				upset(movies, queries = list(list(query=intersects, params=list("Drama", "Comedy", "Action"), color="orange", active=T),
				list(query=intersects, params=list("Drama"), color="red", active=F),
				list(query=intersects, params=list("Action", "Drama"), active=T)))
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

内置的elements query

此query可以可视化特定交集在不同条件下的情况

				upset(movies, queries = list(list(query=elements, params=list("AvgRating", 3.5, 4.1), color="blue", active=T),
				list(query=elements, params=list("ReleaseDate", 1980, 1990, 2000), color="red", active=F)))
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

自定义一个query

				myfunc <- function(row, release, rating){
				newdata <- (row["ReleaseDate"]%in%release)&(row["AvgRating"]>rating)
				}
				upset(movies, queries = list(list(query=myfunc, params=list(c(1950,1960,1990,2000), 3.0), color="red", active=T)))
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

添加query图例

				upset(movies, query.legend = "top", queries = list(list(query = intersects,
				params = list("Drama", "Comedy", "Action"), color = "orange", active = T,
				query.name = "Funny action"), list(query = intersects, params = list("Drama"),
				color = "red", active = F), list(query = intersects, params = list("Action",
				"Drama"), active = T, query.name = "Emotional action")))
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

参数attribute.plots

主要是用于添加属性图,内置有柱形图、散点图、热图等

柱形图

				upset(movies, main.bar.color = "black", queries = list(list(query = intersects,
				params = list("Drama"), active = T)), attribute.plots = list(gridrows = 50,
				plots = list(list(plot = histogram, x = "ReleaseDate", queries = F), list(plot = histogram,
				x = "AvgRating", queries = T)), ncols = 2))
			

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

散点图

					upset(movies, main.bar.color = "black", queries = list(list(query = intersects,
					params = list("Drama"), color = "red", active = F), list(query = intersects,
					params = list("Action", "Drama"), active = T), list(query = intersects,
					params = list("Drama", "Comedy", "Action"), color = "orange", active = T)),
					attribute.plots = list(gridrows = 45, plots = list(list(plot = scatter_plot,
					x = "ReleaseDate", y = "AvgRating", queries = T), list(plot = scatter_plot,
					x = "AvgRating", y = "Watches", queries = F)), ncols = 2), query.legend = "bottom")
				

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

箱线图

箱线图可以展示数据的分布,通过参数boxplot.summary控制,最多可以一次性显示两个箱线图

upset(movies, boxplot.summary = c("AvgRating", "ReleaseDate"))

R语言可视化之UpSetR包-36大数据

还有一个十分重要的功能Incorporating Set Metadata这里就不讲了,有兴趣的可以参考这份 文档

SessionInfo

				sessionInfo()
				## R version 3.4.2 (2017-09-28)
				## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
				## Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 15063)
				##
				## Matrix products: default
				##
				## locale:
				## [1] LC_COLLATE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
				## [2] LC_CTYPE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
				## [3] LC_MONETARY=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
				## [4] LC_NUMERIC=C
				## [5] LC_TIME=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
				##
				## attached base packages:
				## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
				##
				## other attached packages:
				## [1] UpSetR_1.3.3
				##
				## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
				## [1] Rcpp_0.12.13 knitr_1.17 magrittr_1.5 munsell_0.4.3
				## [5] colorspace_1.3-2 rlang_0.1.2 stringr_1.2.0 highr_0.6
				## [9] plyr_1.8.4 tools_3.4.2 grid_3.4.2 gtable_0.2.0
				## [13] htmltools_0.3.6 yaml_2.1.14 lazyeval_0.2.0 rprojroot_1.2
				## [17] digest_0.6.12 tibble_1.3.4 gridExtra_2.3 ggplot2_2.2.1
				## [21] evaluate_0.10.1 rmarkdown_1.6 labeling_0.3 stringi_1.1.5
				## [25] compiler_3.4.2 scales_0.5.0 backports_1.1.1
			

End.

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